广东典型藻类特点及其能源利用可能性研究

GIEC OpenIR > 中国科学院广州能源研究所

	广东典型藻类特点及其能源利用可能性研究
其他题名	Study on the Characteristic and the Energy Utilizing Possibility of Alga in Guangdong Province
	刘树炜
导师	吴创之
	2007-06-08
学位授予单位	中国科学院研究生院
学位授予地点	北京
学位名称	硕士
学位专业	热能工程
关键词	生物质海藻热解沼气发酵 Biomass Algae Pyrolysis Biogas Fermentation
摘要	The large-scale marine alga is a kind of ideal energy crops with high production capacity and low production cost. As one of the most plentiful marine resources in China, Guangdong Province covers 35, 000 km3 sea areas with the abundant algae species, which offer the favorable condition to cultivate the marine algae . Guangdong is a large province of energy consumption, but much of energy consumption rely on importation from the other provinces or country, it is a potential route to release energy problem by developing marine algae energy technology. At present, the technology of algae energy —as biomass utility technology—is not yet mature. In this thesis, three large-scale algae—gracilaria verrucosa, gulfweed and eucheuma—are selected to be utilized by pyrolysis and biogas fermentation. Three kind of algae were pyrolyzed under the different temperature(400℃～900℃) in pyrolysis experiment.the yield rate , calorific value and components of three products(produces gas, tar and residual) were analyzed. The effect of pyrolysis temperature on pyrolysis yield, calorific value and product components were studied. The separating and transporting of alkali metals elements(K, Ca, Na, Mg,)in the pyrolysis process was investigated. The algae after tap water and diluted acid pretreatment were pyrolyzed for pyrolysis characteristics study. The kinetics model of algae pyrolysis was established by thermogravimetric analysis,and kinetics parameters were calculated. The analysis result indicated that the main constituent of pyrolysis gas is composed of H2, CO, CH4, C2H4, C2H6. The lower calorific value of pyrolysis gas was 5～15MJ/m3. The higher ash content and lower calorific value were the main characteristics of algae.the water scrubbing can effectively remove the partial Alkaline metals could be removed efficiently by water dipping to reduce the ash content. In the fermentation experiment,the anaerobic digestion of gracilaria verrucosa and gulfweed were studied. The inhibition of abundance solt on anaerobic microorganism was found. The direct digestion without pretreatment has poor digestion performance. The digestion performance could be improved by immerging in the fresh water.The experiment results showed: the digestion performance of gracilaria verrucosa was higher than that of gulfweed. The biogas yield of gracilaria verrucosa was 390.6L/kgTS in mesophilic (35℃) low solid( TS=5%) digestion after simply crush. The biogas yield of gulfweed was 173.1L/kg TS in thermophilic(55℃) low solid( TS=5%) digestion with particle size of 0.6～0.9mm. By comparing the marine algae pyrolysis and anaerobic digestion,the following conclusion was achieved: the gas yield of alga was lower and alkali metal was eductd easily by pyrolysis. The wet alga could be fermentation directly and the biogas yield was higher by anaerobic digestion. But the long digestion time and appropriate inoculum were need. The fermentation technology was more potential for marine alga utilization as energy compared to pyrolysis technology. Finally, the conclusion of this paper was summarized and the future study direction was proposed.
其他摘要	大型海藻的生产力高，生产成本低，是一种理想的能源作物。广东省是我国海洋大省之一，约35万平方公里的海域，海藻物种丰富，为海藻养殖提供了有利的条件。我省是能源消耗大省，大部分依靠外省调入和进口，发展海藻能源技术是缓解能源问题的重要途径之一。目前，海藻作为生物质的利用技术还不成熟。在本论文中，选用我省常见的江蓠、马尾藻和麒麟菜三种的大型的海藻进行热解和发酵实验。首先，对海藻在不同温度下（400℃～900℃）热解得到的各产物（气体、焦油和残渣）产率和热值以及气体组分进行了分析，研究了各热解产物产率、热值和气体组分随温度的变化规律，分析热解过程中的K、Ca、Na、Mg等元素的析出和迁移规律。用去离子水和稀盐酸对海藻进行洗滤预处理，研究其热解特性，进行热重分析，建立海藻热解的反应动力学模型，并计算海藻的动力学参数。分析结果表明：热解气体中的主要成分为H2、CO、CH4、C2H4、C2H6等，热解气低位热值介于5～15 MJ/m3之间。海藻本身具有灰分含量较高和热值较低的特点，水洗可以有效地脱除部分的碱金属，并可以减少灰分含量，改善海藻的热解特性。其次，以江蓠和马尾藻为底物进行发酵。结果表明：海藻中含有大量金属阳离子，直接发酵容易溶解到料液中，抑制微生物生长，影响发酵效果。用淡水浸泡以后的海藻能容易进行发酵。江蓠的产气率要高于马尾藻。在发酵温度为35℃，简单破碎，料液浓度为5%的条件下，江蓠TS（总固体）产气率是390.6L/kg 。在55℃，颗粒大小0.6～0.9mm，料液浓度为5%的条件下，马尾藻TS产气率是173.1L/kg。通过对比海藻热解和发酵过程及结果的比较可以发现，海藻热解产气率低，碱金属容易析出；海藻发酵可以直接利用湿原料，产气率高，但发酵时间较长，需要合适的菌种。在目前没有特殊专有技术的情况下，采用发酵比采用热解实现海藻的能源化利用可能性更大。最后，对本论文的研究探讨进行总结，并对今后进一步完善该工作提出了建议。
学科领域	热能工程
页数	共53页
文献类型	学位论文
条目标识符	http://ir.giec.ac.cn/handle/344007/1551
专题	中国科学院广州能源研究所
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	刘树炜. 广东典型藻类特点及其能源利用可能性研究[D]. 北京. 中国科学院研究生院,2007.

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