生物质直燃发电的生命周期环境评价和能效分析

GIEC OpenIR > 中国科学院广州能源研究所

	生物质直燃发电的生命周期环境评价和能效分析
其他题名	LCA and energy consumption analysis of biomass-fired power generation
	林琳
导师	赵黛青
	2007-06-09
学位授予单位	中国科学院广州能源研究所
学位授予地点	广州能源研究所
学位名称	硕士
关键词	生物质发电直燃发电生命周期评价能源效率清洁利用
摘要	生物质能源是仅次于煤炭、石油、天然气的第四大能源，占世界能源总消费量14％，发展中国家生物质能源消费更是高达38%。随着人们对能源日益增长的需求和煤炭、石油等化石能源的迅速消耗，生物质能必将成为未来新能源与开展可再生能源战略的重要组成部分。中国生物质能源资源十分丰富，生物质能开发利用在我国现有能源供应中特别是在农村地区占有重要地位，研究开发高效利用生物质能的技术，适合现阶段我国国情，减少矿物燃料的污染，产生巨大的经济效益和环境效益。秸秆直燃发电系统是近年来我国能推广的一种高效利用生物质能源技术，丹麦、荷兰等国家都拥有比较成熟的秸秆发电技术，并且都已经有了成功案例。本论文采用全生命周期评价方法（Life Cycle Assessment, LCA），在我国2001年工农业生产水平基础上，统计出我国十余种工、农业产品的生命周期环境排放。对25MW生物质秸秆直燃发电系统进行了生命周期系统边界的划分和讨论，对生物质获取阶段、生物质运输阶段、设备制造阶段以及生物质电厂运行阶段这四个生命周期阶段进行了清单分析；全球变暖（Global Warming）、臭氧层损耗（Ozone Depletion）、酸化（Acidification）、光化学臭氧形成（Photochemical Ozone Creation）、水体富营养化（Nutrification）、人体毒性（Human Toxicity）、水生生态毒性（Aquatic Ecotoxicity）、固体废弃物（Solid Waste）、烟尘及灰尘（Dust）等八个环境影响类型进行分类，进行了环境影响分析；对各种环境影响类型进行正规化和加权，得出了生物质直燃发电系统生命周期环境评价。在生物质直燃发电系统生命周期清单分析基础上，将其中大气排放物，包括烟尘、SO2、 CO、NOX等几种排放物与生物质气化发电和常规电厂比较。同时对生物质秸秆直燃发电系统的能耗进行分析，从生命周期的角度，对其进行能源效率的评价，对综合利用生物质能进行了讨论。根据数据将煤电、生物质秸秆直燃发电和生物质谷壳气化发电系统进行排放、能耗等方面的对比，找出几者之间的优劣。通过本论文的分析，可以看出生物质直燃发电系统是一种环境友好型的发电系统，生物质运输阶段对整体环境影响意义不大，能源利用效率高于传统的家庭燃烧并略高于生物质气化发电系统，但与常规火电效率相比较低，改善技术，提高利用效率是进一步解决化石能源危机的方法之一。
其他摘要	Biomass resources is the fourth largest energy resource of the world ,which is only next to coal, oil, natural gas, accounting 14% of the world energy consumption, in the developing countries, biomass energy consumption is up to more than 38% . With the increasing demand for energy and coal, oil and other fossil energy consumption quickly, biomass will become the most important component for developing new energy and renewable energy strategy in the future. The biomass resources are abundant in China, biomass energy development and utilization of China's current energy supply, especially in rural areas occupied an important position, research and development and efficient technology of biomass use, suitable for China's national conditions at this stage to reduce fossil fuel pollution, create huge economic and environmental benefits. in recent years, The straw-fired combustion power generation system is an efficient use of biomass energy technology. Denmark, Holland etc. all own mature stalk-based power generation technology, and all have already had the successful case example. The method of Life cycle assessment is adopted in the study. On the base of the level in 2001 of industrial and agricultural production in China, the statistics of the life cycle environmental emission of more than ten industrial and agricultural products are collected. The life cycle system boundary of 25MW straw-fired power generation is established and discussed. Life cycle inventory and assessment include four phases: biomass collection, biomass transportation, equipment manufacture and biomass plant operation. After inventory, the environmental impact types are classified into Nonrenewable Resource Depletion, Renewable Resource Depletion, Global Warming, Ozone Depletion, Acidification, Photochemical Ozone Creation, Nutrification, Human Toxicity, Aquatic Ecotoxicity, Solid Waste and Dust. Then the potential of environmental impact are normalized and weighted, so the life cycle assessment result of biomass gasification power generation can be drawn. On the base of life cycle inventory of biomass gasification power generation, the environmental cost internalization consists of gas emission (including dust, SO2, CO, NOx, CH4, CO2 and so on). Meanwhile the straw biomass direct combustion power generation systems energy consumption from the perspective of the life cycle is analyzed. Their energy efficiency evaluations, the comprehensive utilization of biomass energy were discussed. Comparing coal, biomass burning straw straight power and biomass gasification power generation systems based on the data base. Through the life cycle environmental assessment of biomass, we can draw the conclusion that biomass direct combustion power generation system is friend-environmental power system, the influence of biomass transportation phase on the whole assessment system is small, but the plantation of energy crop should be brought to our attention. The efficiency is higher than the traditional family and slightly higher than biomass gasification power generation systems, But lower than the conventional thermal power efficiency. Improving technology to raise the utilization efficiency is the solution to the energy crisis.
页数	82
语种	中文
文献类型	学位论文
条目标识符	http://ir.giec.ac.cn/handle/344007/4015
专题	中国科学院广州能源研究所
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	林琳. 生物质直燃发电的生命周期环境评价和能效分析[D]. 广州能源研究所. 中国科学院广州能源研究所,2007.

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